The Roles and Achievements of Prime Ministers

Name Tutor Course Date The Roles and Achievements of Prime Ministers John a Macdonald and Laurier Sir John a MacDonald was the principal PM of Canada and was the prevailing delegate of the Canadian confederation. He was conceived on the eleventh January 1815 and passed on sixth June. His term in office was 18 years in length which places him to the second longest serving head administrator in Canada. He is the just one to ever win six larger part governments (Hennessy 12). With respect to Sir Wilfrid Laurier, he was the seventh PM, Born on twentieth November 1841 and passed on the seventeenth February 1919. He was the first francophone executive and was viewed as one of the nations amazing legislators. When contrasted with his partner John a MacDonald, sir Wilfrid was likewise in the rundown of the longest serving head administrators in Canada in spite of the fact that him coming in as position four. Sir Wilfrid likewise added to the growing of the confederation. Sir John MacDonald was conceived in Glasgow Scotland was the third in a group of five while Sir Wilfrid laurier was conceived in Saint-lin Canada East and was the seventh era of his family. MacDonald’s guardians concluded that he should turn into a legal counselor after his fruition of tutoring. It was an extraordinary decision for a kid who appeared to truly appreciate examining and adjacent to that he had a critical to begin acquiring money so as to help his family since his dads undertakings were fizzling. When contrasted with Macdonald Lauriers’ father was well up and by the age of eleven he was sent to concentrate in new Glasgow. Macdonald had a fairly pitiful and tragedous private life. At the point when Sir Macdonald first came into office he was confronted with significant resistance. Nova Scotia was at that point taking steps to pull back from the confederation; the Anglo-American connections were in a poor state. In 1867 the primary general races were held and this is the place MacDonald had his first significant accomplishment. He had the option to unite Nova Scotia New Brunswick and the region of lower and Upper Canada to frame the province of Canada of which promised him political decision tranquil. MacDonald’s primary vision was to augment the nation and unite it in solidarity. Under his standard he rought British Colombia, PIE, and extraordinary North West domains into Canada this for ? 300,000 (about $11,500,000 in present day Canadian dollars). Macdonald’s still greatest accomplishment as an executive was the structure of the Trans mainland railroad which was finished in 1891 (Leonardo 219). He likewise figured out how to make a divine being relationship with the United States adapting to the situation of the Northwest disobedience and his a djusting of French and English interests in worthy terms for most. Sir Wilfrid Laurier is known to have had various achievements as an executive. In any case he had the option to build up the division of work and outer issues, he additionally figured out how to select settlers into the west, and in 1905 he directed the production of two areas Alberta and Saskatchewan into the confederation which saw the making of the last two regions in the Northwest Territories (Picknett, Prince, Prior and Brydon 290). He likewise observed the start of the two new cross-country railroads in spite of the fact that the undertaking was loaded up with outrages. He additionally made an arrangement with the unified state for lower rates on common items. The two head administrators are to date considered being the best ever. This Great legislators had two or three similitudes in the event that we scrutinses them appropriately. One closeness was that them two were understudies of law. MacDonald examined law in Toronto where he went by vessel though sir Wilfrid contemplated law in New Glasgow. These two men had a dream of the development of the nation of Canada since them two added to the expansion of the confederation. Sir MacDonald brought the areas of Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia, and New Brunswick together in 1867 to shape Canada while Sir Wilfrid Laurier had the regions of Alberta and Saskatchewan made in 1905 which saw the last spit of the Northwest Territories. Sir Macdonald directed the foundations of the main cross-country railroad and Sir Wilfred Laurier additionally managed the foundation of tow increasingly cross-country. Sir MacDonald arranged the connection transport with the United States and this was likewise displayed by sir Wilfrid. The above likenesses connote that both of the PMs were both given and committed to the improvement of Canada. These similitudes just connote their likenesses in guaranteeing a legitimate Canada however these two men had different similitudes since they were both the first in whatever they did. MacDonald was the Prime clergyman of Canada while Sir Wilfrid Laurier was the first francophone PM. In the normal life Sir MacDonald and sir laurier had two or three contrasts . Sir MacDonald originated from a family that was not too well up as contrast do with sir Wilfred, he considered law so as to have the option to put a dinner on his families table since every one of his dads adventures were disintegrating when contrasted with Wilfred who examined Law as his enthusiasm. Sir Wilfred and Sir MacDonald left a heritage in Canada and are both celebrated in enormous manners. Them two have the joy of having occasions celebrated in their hournor; the two of them have roads named in their regard, for example, the Laurier Avenue. These two legislators had insignificant similitudes and distinction and these was because of their characters yet both will live to be legends most definitely. Works Cited Hennessy, Peter. Head administrators: The Office and its Holders since 1945. Cambridge: Cambridge Press, 2001. Leonardo, Gordon. Survey of Prosperity and Misery in Modern Bengal: The Famine of 1923â€1944. American Historical Review, 88. 4 (1983): 218 †230. Picknett, Lynn, Prince, Clive, Prior, Stephen, and Brydon, Robert. War of the Windsors: A Century of Unconstitutional Monarchy. Chicago: Mainstream Publishing, 2002.

Serial Killers Essays (808 words) - Misconduct, Crime, Murder

Sequential Killers The nineteen-seventies was an inconceivable decade. It was a time of progress, one of opportunity, a period for incredible music. It was additionally a mind boggling decade for stun, dread and sequential executioners. John Wayne Gacy, a novice comedian, was a pedophiliac gay. He tormented and murdered thirty three young men and put away their remaining parts under his home. David Berkowitz, a.k.a. the Son of Sam, followed New York City from nineteen-sixty-seven to nineteen-seventy-seven. He professed to have been following a voice from his pooch that disclosed to him when and where to murder. Ted Bundy, who is accepted to have murdered in any event thirty-four individuals, was charged for just three under his own guard and truth be told, he was praised by the appointed authority for his own protection. He was executed . With the blend of an amazing media and a general public entranced with horrifying, perverted wrongdoings, present day sequential executioners have been placed at the center of attention. We are delighted with sequential executioners so much, that we pay seven dollars to go see a film where everybody aside from the trouble makers gets choked, ruined, or shot-and appreciate it in some debilitated manner. The media makes a special effort to glamorize kill and startle general society. We bolster executioners like Charles Manson on Death Row with our duty dollars. Truth be told, we bolster them with more than that. Around two months prior there was a craftsmanship appear in California entitled: The Death Row Art Show III. Pieces sold for a huge number of dollars paying little mind to their tasteful intrigue, due to the personality of the specialists. Sequential executioners are turning out to be as well known as heroes. Sequential executioners are an improvement of the mechanical world; they truly didn't come to fruition until the late eighteen-hundreds when society was getting modernized and the danger of the new age kind of dislodged a few people so much they believed they needed to murder to express what is on their mind to society. Jack the Ripper is likely the most famous executioner in history since he built up the sequential executioner profile. Ripper set up an example for the new line of mass killers who might follow in the custom of a genuinely sorted out executioner. He had a sexual fixation on whores that drove him to target total outsiders for a days work. At the point when he was done, he spread his casualty out in a formal way with different gutted things put deliberately close by the casualty's cadaver. Obviously, murder has been around for a considerable length of time, submitted by under-taught hoodlums. Nobody was keen on meeting, and catching wind of a poor worker that cut someones throat in a dim back street. Be that as it may, since the time the presentation of sequential executioners into our general public, with their accuracy and methodology of the homicide, the media got entranced with these individuals, thus did society. So as opposed to executing or rebuffing these awful individuals, we currently have telecom companies contending over film rights to the executioners story. News demonstrates battling to get the selective meeting. Shirts with the executioners faces on them(e.g.. the well known Manson T-shirt). The main clarification I can offer is that we are as yet fixated on our own mortality, and we generally will be. For whatever length of time that we kick the bucket, we'll be interested by the individuals who appear to be strong from death like, sequential executione rs, Hitler...its nearly as is we like to see the demonstration of death itself, again and again, to watch the specific second or what it is that puts us over that extraordinary edge among life and demise. I can genuinely say I am intrigued with the sequential executioner. In any case, since when did we excuse the act of sequential executioners? For what reason would they say they aren't executed quickly in the wake of being indicted, rather than being saved alive for the media to meet? You need to ponder who is bringing in cash in this. At the point when we permit individuals like this to command our media, it resembles we're stating its OK to kill. Did society and the media overlook that the casualties of those sequential executioners would us say us are and our families? Its not the sequential executioners that influenced the twentieth century so much, however the spotlight that permitted them to develop. Perhaps notwithstanding all the consideration,

Examples of Informal Essay Topics

Examples of Informal Essay TopicsWhen you're finished writing your own essay, you'll come across examples of informal essay topics. An essay is a subjective form of writing that you can use to write about a subject that you care about. It can be used for academic research, as a personal memoir, or even as an exercise in creativity.Before you begin writing your essay, take the time to learn about all the different types of subjects you can write about. It is also helpful to understand the different types of essay topics. The articles that follow will help you learn about these topics so that you can use them for your own essay.Many of the essays that are published use a combination of different essays and styles. To start, make sure you understand that these essays are just as important to the finished product as the original source material. That means that if you're using an essay topic from an essay to build your own essay, make sure that the essay is part of your original thesis s tatement before you begin writing your essay.The next part of essay writing is the essay outline. This is the list of ideas, questions, or concepts that you will want to cover in your essay. You may also want to consider the type of essay that you want to write and the style of the topic.As you begin to write your essays, you'll encounter examples of informal essay topics. Some of these include the kinds of ideas that you can discuss, such as how to sell your essay; the types of questions that you can ask, such as, 'What would someone think if they saw this?' or 'What does it mean to have a certain skill?'Some of the most common topics include love, relationships, family, and class. Other topics include literature, literature and movies, religion, history, art, geography, health, and medicine. These are some of the most common topics that you'll come across when writing an essay.Writing an essay is a major undertaking that requires focus and thought. If you're having trouble coming up with topics to use for your essay, keep the following tips in mind. They might help you to find interesting ideas to use as the main basis for your essay.As you research the topics that interest you, you'll find that there are many topics to write about that you can use as the basis for your essay. Keep in mind that some topics might require a different format than others. Learning more about the types of topics available and the ways that you can write about them will help you to write well about these topics.

Hiroshima John Richard Was Compassionate Journalist

Born on June 17, 1914 in China, particularly in Tientsin, the author of Hiroshima John Richard was compassionate Journalist. John Richard Hersey parent was American missionaries Roscoe M. and Grace Hersey. He grew up in China, and this is why he spoke Chinese fluently. John Hersey favorite time was exercised his imagination with reading and writing. Hersey attended the American School. He also attended British Grammar School. Hersey graduated in literature at Cambridge University due to the fact that he moved to the United States of America with his families at the age ten. He also worked at Yale University and Cambridge University as Waiter and Librarian. John Hersey was a journalist who covered the conflict in Europe and Asia during World War II. Passionate and hard worker, Hersey won the Pulitzer Prize of American writer and he was considered one of the New Journalism. In New Journalism, storytelling article of the novel was typically nonfiction reportage. This is obviously the r eason why John Hersey was interested in the subject of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima in Japan because John speaking depicts real historical figures by using the story technique of nonfiction. Moreover, the purpose of writing Hiroshima was to inform human about the incredible destructive power of atomic bomb on human beings (1). Another purpose of John Hersey of writing Hiroshima was to show that there was no political or national consolidated reaction to the bombing of Hiroshima. In

African Slaves And The Slave Trade - 995 Words

At the beginning of the fifteenth century the Atlantic slave trade was at its peak. Many believe that only Europeans benefited from having Africans as slaves, but they are wrong. Africans of different tribes would destroy settlements, capture the villagers, and sell them at the market as they were a baked good at a farmer’s market in today’s society. Europeans and Africans both played a major role in the slave trade and are both to blame for the capturing and selling of African slaves. African’s played a much bigger role in the Atlantic Slave trade than the ones being enslaved. King Affonso I was an African King who worked hand-in-hand with the Europeans during the slave trade. He thought since his slaves were either criminals or Prisoners of War it was ok to have them as slaves. When Affonso wanted to quit being part of the slave trade his reign as King began to fall, â€Å"Kongo was in disarray and the authority of its ruler greatly undermined† (Stroyer, 706). Affonso started losing control when he could no longer decide what to trade and when to trade with Portugal. Portugal took full advantage of this fall of power and traded as they pleased. Even though King Affonso wanted to stop the slave trade he is still at fault. Almost going forty years with capturing, buying, and selling Africans, wanting to stop wasn’t going to erase what he had done in the past. King Affonso was just one example of an African working with Europeans to make money for his kingdom. Another example ofShow MoreRelatedAfrican Of The African Slave Trade Essay1547 Words   |  7 Pages Back in the day they did not have laws to protect those who were getting discriminated against, and it got out of hand. One of the largest scale attempts at genocides to ever occur was slavery. The African Slave Trade, spanning almost 350 years was a horrid genocide that killed millions of Africans, as well as wiping out villages. Slavery began in the fourteen hundreds when Portugal sent a voyage down the west coast of Africa. They did this because Africa had resources such as gold, fabrics, andRead MoreEssay about African Slave Trade1187 Words   |  5 PagesThe impact on the African slave trade during 16th centuries to 19th centuries was huge. The economy of those countries which allowed African slave trade grew bigger and bigger. For instance, America, a huge land that had nothing before the trade, started to gain some profit out of farming and increased hugely on population. They used a big amount of African slaves to farm and work. And this created the economy better in America. Also Europeans, which were only one million people brought up 5.5 millionRead MoreEssay on West African Slave Trade1846 Words   |  8 PagesWest African Slave Trade The West African Slave Trade was a global event that focused on West Africa. It was the sale and ownership of another human being that was put into slavery. 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This history is highlighted through aRead MoreThe Atlantic Slave Trade And Analyse What And How Much, African Political And Economic Interests Shaped The Trade Essay2445 Words   |  10 PagesThis essay will briefly define and describe the Atlantic slave trade and analyse what, and how much, African political and economic interests shaped the trade up to 1807/8, the point when the United States and Great Britain abolished the trade; also contending that because the suppliers for the sla ves i.e the Africans themselves, had as much of a significant role in the trade as the demanders (the Europeans), numerous African political and economic interests as well as social structures had an almostRead MoreAfrican Slave and African Slave Trade801 Words   |  4 PagesAfrican Slavery and the Slave Trade African Slavery and the Slave Trade was one of the most devastating events that took place between us African Americans. 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Milo Thailand Marketing Plan - 6582 Words

1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY â€Å"Milo†, a brand of chocolate/malt powder beverage of Nestle, which is once known in the past as number one brand in customers’ mind in Thailand. But nowadays Milo is not that well perceived as before but another leader, Ovaltine, had triumph the position and become market leader in the segment. With the nature of Nestlà © that utilize generic marketing strategy such as cost leadership in business, the company is currently struggling hard time finding the competitive advantage for Milo, when it comes to face to face with its main rival, Ovaltine. The main objective of this marketing plan is to provide useful of marketing strategies, explanation and sales forecast to make Milo become the market leader in Thailand. Models†¦show more content†¦Nestlà © can provide more value to this group by inform that Milo contains rich nutrition. Marketing Management: MILO Marketing Plan 3 ï‚ · Personality: People with active personality and outgoing should be educated that Milo is the perfect product for them. Nestlà © can tie Milo to sport celebrity that has the same type of this personality to create emotional attachment with consumers. 2.2 SWOT ANALYSIS We applied SWOT analysis to find out how effective Milo is operating based on its internal and external factors that affect its success. INTERNAL Strengths ï‚ · Mainly focused in chocolate/malt beverage. ï‚ · Unique selling point. ï‚ · Part of Nestlà © which can leverage the brand Milo reputation and financial. ï‚ · Value of money, cheaper than competitors. ï‚ · Well know not just in Thailand but worldwide. Weakness ï‚ · Lesser product variety compared to competitors (Ovaltine) ï‚ · Lesser assortments of packaging (only pouches) ï‚ · Low distribution coverage. EXTERNAL Opportunities ï‚ · World Cup event. ï‚ · Increased media alternatives .(mobiles and internet) ï‚ · Health conscious trend. ï‚ · Prosperous fitness industry ï‚ · Not many big players. (two big players are Milo and Ovaltine) Strengths: Since Milo’s product is primary chocolate/malt related, it is easy for the company to communicate and puts its resources single-minded on its product assortments. The brand Milo is also under the umbrella of Nestlà © brand name thatShow MoreRelatedMarketing 4ps1314 Words   |  6 PagesFundamental Of Marketing MKT 243 INDIVIDUAL ASSIGNMENT(NESTLE MILO) NAME : SHAHRUL IZANY BIN SHAHIR MATRIX NO : 2010486584 GROUP : J3BM1112B LECTURER : MISS NOR FAZLIN BINTI UTEH INTRODUCTION | 1 | PRODUCT | 2 | PRICING | 3 | PLACE | 4 | PROMOTION | 5-6 | INTRODUCTION Nestlà © began in Malaysia in 1912 as the Anglo-Swiss Condensed Milk Company in Penang and later, growth and expansion made a move to Kuala Lumpur necessary in 1939. 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Strategic management focuses on integrating management, marketing, finance or accounting, productionRead MoreOperational Strategy in Nestle24176 Words   |  97 Pages(Warehouse Lahore) 62 65 69 79 81 85 91 92 93 4 Introduction What is strategy? Strategy from a traditional point of view can be divided into four main points Plan: It’s usually a top down traditional approach. It is developed consciously and implemented. It is derived through a rational and analytical process Ploy: It is a subset of plan involving a bit of game play. Usually it’s a manoeuvre threatening action with little intention of implementation. Position: This is the relationship of company

General Psychology free essay sample

Praising your children can damage their confidence according to a leading psychoanalyst â€Å"every label—â€Å"slow,† â€Å"bright,† â€Å"trouble-maker,† or â€Å"difficult†Ã¢â‚¬â€entails a set of expectations that are associated with it—expectations that, when made known to the student, may become a self-fulfilling prophecy, â€Å"an expectation which defines a situation [that] comes to influence the actual behavior within the situation so as to produce what was initially assumed to be there†. We all like to believe that we are special, unique, and smart in our own way. General psychology free essay sample You need to know about these things because they should guide your manner of working in higher education. Plagiarism and cheating are serious issues in higher education, and plagiarism, in particular, is increasing a great deal at present. We want you to have the knowledge and skills and the good working habits that enable you to make effective and appropriate judgments in your work. This unit is designed for students near the starting point of higher education studies. It provides the information and skills that you need at present and you will have more material on this topic at a later stage, when you need to now more about it.The aim of this unit is to: help you to get a clear idea of academic honesty and academic misconduct clarify the meanings of academic misconduct cheating and plagiarism and collusion provide you with information tattoo need in order to be academically honest; identify and help you to attain the skills that you need for academic honesty and good practice As well as providing some exercises to help you to learn from this material, this unit is intended to be a resource to which you may wish to return for guidance. The answers to the exercises are at the end of the unit. Some points to think aboutAs a student you should learn about academic honesty because it is an important element of higher education behavior. There are several aspects to it. It involves: ensuring fairness to those who have produced new knowledge and ideas; ensuring that the work that a person says is her own is indeed her own; the discouragement from cheating to gain unfair personal advantage. The intention to deceive staff or the institution is central to the activity of the plagiarist or cheat. However, it is not fair on you, as a student, if your fellow colleagues cheat and plagiarism and thereby get better marks.Sam, Suzanne, Quiz, and Katharine are in a level 1 class at Smooth University. They are all studying psychology and are in a class of over a hundred and eighty students. Their seminar sessions are thirty in number and so far they do not feel known as individuals by staff. Suzanne has been struggling because she, unlike the others, did not study psychology at school. She has been quite depressed about it and has asked the others for help. They did what they could, but she did not seem to be able to take it in. At times she talks about leaving university.They come to the coursework assessment at he end of level 1 and to everyones surprise, Suzanne comes out with one of the highest marks in the class. The tutor praises her work at the next seminar as being well constructed, and particularly well written. Suzanne is clearly happy and they all go out for a drink in the evening. Under the influence off few pints she lets slip that she paid another student in her house (from level 2) to write it. After the time and effort the others have put into helping Suzanne, and doing their own work, the others feel cheated by her action.The attitude to plagiarism can differ in different cultures, for example moieties it can be considered to be an honorable act to reproduce the exact words of the expert teacher. In the LIKE the norm is to expect students to produce their own work. They will, of course, use the work of others within their work and where this occurs the others work needs to be cited and when quoted, marked as a quotation. Some international students may need to adjust to LIKE norms when studying here. Luau comes from South East Asia.He was encouraged to give great respect to his teachers, there and to regard them as experts whose work was to be emulated. He is very taken aback when he is told that his examination paper would express more of his own ideas and should not contain material that he must have learnt by heart from his lecture notes. He finds it hard to understand how he, himself could have anything worthwhile to say at this stage. If you are an international student and feel that you do not understand the material in this unit, ask a tutor or study advisor for more help.Some definitions and explanations We have said that the avoidance of cheating and plagiarism is a matter of having information and a set of skills that become good habits of working. We start by looking at a set of explanations as part of the information, and hen you will be given several definitions. You do not need to memories these definitions, but you are expected to have a working knowledge of them. To start with, we introduce the term academic misconduct to mean the use of dishonest academic behavior to ones own benefit. The term includes cheating, plagiarism and collusion.Clearly, Suzanne illustrates academic misconduct in her behavior and that was plagiarism. Cheating is often seen as a behavior that occurs in examinations, but it is broader than that. Here are some examples of cheating behavior. Simon knew that others needed a book in order to complete the essays that hey had been set. He used the library book himself, then handed it back in (it was a short-term loan) and then when he was in the library the next day, took the book from its proper location and put it in another area of the library.Jamie went into the examination with ten key names written on his arm in ballpoint pen Juliet was doing a Chemistry degree. Her experiment in class did not go too well and the data she achieved was incomplete. She had a look at her friends book and got an idea of the appropriate kind of data and made some up. Christina had not done enough revision for the class test. She took the day Off, saying that she had flu and knowing that she would then have a bit more time to learn for the test which she would do later. Deed had a project in English to write up, to be handed in at a particular time.There was other academic work to be handed in at the same time and he knew he could not do all of it. He left the English project until last. After a session in the gym he complained of a very sore wrist, put a bandage on it and went to see his tutor to ask for more time to complete the project on the basis that he could not write very quickly at present. His tutor told him to go o the medical centre and get a note. He came back two days later with the project now completed and the wrist unbalanced and healed. The two days had been very useful. ABA was one of a group of students who were working together on a project that was to be submitted jointly. She had gone into higher education partly because she wanted to enjoy a good social-life, and the project was not going to get in her way. When the other students in the group met to work on the project, she would constantly say that she could not make it. They got on with the project, completed it and handed it in with Abss name on it as well. They resented her behavior, but being in the early stages of their programmer, did not know each other very well and did not know how to indicate Abss lack of contribution.Plagiarism, as we have said, is another form of academic misconduct and it requires a rather special explanation which is as follows: Those who work in higher education and research can be seen as working in a community the academic community. This community has a set of rules to which it works. Academic conventions are these rules and academic misconduct is the behavior that contravenes these agreed rules. These ales, obviously identify cheating as a contravention however, there are aspects of these rules that refer to the ownership of ideas.According to these rules or conventions, new ideas are treated like property that someone owns. One reason for this is that there are rewards and awards (grants, prizes, qualifications, degrees etc) given to people for the quality of their ideas. Following from the notion of new ideas as property, we can consider the use of undistributed ideas for the gain of another person, as a form of theft. By undistributed, we mean the lack of attachment of a name and resource to the idea -so it is as if the idea is that of the writer. Other words for attribute are reference, acknowledge and cite. You usually reference the idea of another in the text (where you have referred to the idea, or quoted from it) and in a reference list at the end Of your work. Plagiarism is the term for passing off anothers work as ones own for ones own benefit. It usually that others ideas have been borrowed without being referenced to the original creator of the idea. Plagiarism occurs whether the passing off of the work as ones own is intentional or unintentional. We have to say that plagiarism may be intentional because anyone can always claim that s/he he did not know about plagiarism.Correspondingly therefore, teachers and institutions have to be clear themselves that they have ensured that students have received appropriate opportunities to understand academic misconduct and to have learnt the necessary skills to behave with academic honesty. Below are some examples of plagiarism: Emma was doing a law degree and found that her flat-mate had done the same module the year before and was willing to let Emma look at her essays but insisted that she should not copy any of it. Emma copied a large chunk f one of them because she did not understand the subject and altered a few words here and there.Unfortunately for her, she did not notice the font was different on the copied chunk and her plagiarism was detected. Anna had work to do in chemistry that she did not understand. It was about the nature of a particular reaction. She looked on the internet and found a piece of writing that was exactly what she needed and cut and pasted it, adding a few words of introduction and conclusion. Antonio phoned home to his friend for help with an assignment in Civil Engineering. His friend found a piece of writing in Spanish. Antonio had it translated from the original and submitted that.Billie found that an old textbook on modern history at his home that said exactly what he needed to say in an essay. He copied it. The change in style was noticed by his tutor, who challenged him. Collusion is a form of plagiarism too. Some examples of collusion are: Joanne was struggling in her Education degree. Her friend was doing a similar degree at another university. They decided to choose the same topic for their dissertation and to work together on it assuming that they would not be found out because their respective dissertations would never be seen gather.Students in Business Studies were asked to develop marketing strategies for a given product. Theyre told that they should work together to do the necessary research and to develop a presentation, but that they should then work alone in the preparation of the written work that they would hand in. Kay was in one of the groups. She had not done her fair share of the initial research, and when it came to the written work she asked one of her group to help her. The colleague leant Kay his completed written work, and she copied it, then wrote her account, very heavily based on his.She showed him her very similar account before she handed it in and thanked him before he could object. Both of them were deemed to have colluded. The definition of collusion starts the same as for plagiarism. Collusion is the passing off of anothers work as ones own for ones own benefit and in order to deceive another. However, it goes on to say that while in the usual definition of plagiarism, the owner of the work does not knowingly allow the use of her work, in a case of collusion, the owner of the work knows of its use and works with the other towards deception of a third party.On occasions, woo people might collude in plagiarism another piece of work. When we define collusion, we need to be clear where the boundaries of unacceptable and acceptable co-operative or collaborative work are. Co- operation is seen as openly working with another or others for mutual benefit with no deception of the other(s) involved. Co-operative behavior is a common and is usually welcomed practice in higher education. Research teams rely on it. Often you will be told that you should work together to the point of writing up an assignment, and then write it up separately.However, there may be local rules or designations of acceptable practice and occasionally vocabulary use with regard to collusion, cooperation and collaboration may vary. It is important to find out from your tutors just what is expected in your local context. What is acceptable may differ from assignment to assignment. It is possible that on occasions you will be asked to work jointly on a piece of writing and clearly, that is all right. Rather than talking in the negative about the avoidance of collusion or plagiarism, it is useful to use the idea of working with academic honesty.Academic honesty is where you understand academic conventions and work within them. In this independent study unit, we put the stress on plagiarism. This is because plagiarism takes more effort in understanding than other forms of academic misconduct. This is not because plagiarism is necessarily more serious. The fabrication of data or making up Of experimental results can be far more serious and have far greater consequences than plagiarism. So that you can return to this material easily on future occasions, we gather up these ideas as a series of definitions and put them into a glossary in Appendix 1 of this unit. Exercise 1: Thinking that you know about plagiarism does not mean that you an always decide what is right You have now looked at the explanations of academic honesty and misconduct and have read about the justification for citation. It is time to test your understanding. You will find, in the next exercise, that thinking that you know what plagiarism is may not mean that you actually know what it is when it comes to the distinctions of right and wrong in your work or the work of another.Some of the examples are plagiarism, some are collusion, some are cheating and some are all right. Remember that plagiarism occurs when the work of someone else is presented as ones own and is not attributed to the there. One of the three answers given (a, b and c) is closest to the answer. The answers are at the end of the unit. 1 . Joe has an essay to prepare. He meticulously reads books in the library, but is not sure from which text the ideas have come, and which ideas were his own. He lists the range of books he thinks he used in his reference list. ) Not plagiarism but he should have cited the books in the text b) Plagiarism he should have cited the books in the text c) Not problem he cited the books in the reference list 2. Jane does not know how to get started with an essay she is in her first master. She delays starting it and then panics and her friend shows her how she can buy an essay from a paper mill website. She buys one and submits it (only this time she says). A) This is not all right but it is cheating, not plagiarism b) Plagiarism ? and it is not all right c) Plagiarism but it is all right at this stage, but not later in the programmer 3.Terry and Fran live in the same house. They are on the same course and hence have to put in the same assignments. Fran has difficulties with writing but she really wants to do well in her degree. Terry would like to get to know Fran better and sees this as a way of increasing their friendship. He suggests that since the class is large, they could put in the same essay and no-one would notice and in this way he helps out Fran, who is very grateful. A) Fran colluded. Terry did not. B) Terry colluded and Fran did not c) They colluded 4.Mike uses the library to find the relevant literature to the essay that he has to write, then, using one of the essay sites, buys a similar essay and integrates into it the material that he has read. A) It is certain that Mike plagiarisms b) Mike did not plagiarism if he cited the sources and paraphrased appropriately c) Mike has plagiarisms because he bought the essay 5. Malay found that her friend, who had done the module last year, had done the same experiment. Her friend suggested that Malay could read through what she had written but she warned her not to copy it as that would be collusion. Without her friend knowing, Malay did copy part of it and presented it as her own. A) Malay plagiarisms her friends work b) Malay and her friend colluded c) Malay and her friend plagiarisms 6. Damson finds that an essay that he has done in school is very similar to one he has to write at university. He uses his school essay but unfortunately he does not have the references properly recorded. He has names cited in the text, but not details of the sources. He makes up one or two and thinks that his tutor will probably not worry about the rest. ) Because it was school work from a different place, it was all right b) It was all right because it had already been marked c) Damson plagiarisms 7. Sue is a lecturer. She gives a lecture to first year students on cell biology and talks a lot about current developments in research, but does not give the references to the research in the lecture or on handouts. ) Technically Sue plagiarisms b) It is all right. If this had been written work, Sue should have cited correctly ? but it was oral c) It is all right not to cite if your are a teacher / lecturer in the process of teaching 8.Tim and Nonage are working on the same essay for theology. Nonage finds a good website that is very helpful. It provides good material on the subject on which they are writing. She tells Tim about it. They both download chunks of it. Nonage cuts and pastes into her essay and puts a reference to the site in her reference list. Tim paraphrases from the material, acknowledges it in the text and in his reference list. The tutor would not have noticed the similar material but for the fact that the two essays were adjacent to each other in the pile. ) Tim and Nonage colluded b) Tim and Nonage plagiarisms c) Only one of them plagiarisms 9. In statistics, Gamma has a project that involves use of a questionnaire to find out what television programmer her friends watch at a particular time in the evening. This will generate data for statistical analysis. She is ill for a few days and is running late. She makes up some of the responses and uses them. A) Gamma plagiarisms ) Gamma cheated c) Gamma colluded 10. Harry integrates into his essay, a chunk of handout material from his last years work.He alters some words to fit better and splits the material with two sections of his own writing. A) Harry plagiarisms b) It is all right to quote from handout material without citation c) It would have been all right if Harry had rewritten it more in his own words 11 . Jamie has an essay to write in philosophy. He is not very good at writing and has developed a style whereby he copies down appropriate quotations (citing them appropriately) and then paraphrases the content of the taxation in the next paragraph as a kind of summary, steering the meaning towards another quotation and so on. ) So long as Jamie paraphrases appropriately, he is not doing anything wrong b) Jamie is plagiarism c) Jamie should be using appropriate methods of referencing 12. For Sophia, English is a second language. She wants to succeed and goes to a friend who speaks better English. Her friend goes through her whole essay, correcting the language all the way through. A) What Sophia is doing is understandable. It is all right b) What Sophia and her friend are doing is not all right. It is a form of collusion c) What Sophia is doing is not all right.